Earthquake Resistant Building Using Seismic Retrofitting

This study investigates the seismic performance of reinforced concrete structures and evaluates the effectiveness of seismic retrofitting techniques combined with advanced material modifications. Many existing buildings are vulnerable to earthquake forces due to inadequate design provisions, making retrofitting a necessary solution for structural safety. In this research, a three-storey building model was analyzed using STAAD.Pro to compare structural behavior before and after retrofitting. Key parameters such as base shear, nodal displacement, storey displacement, support reactions, bending moment, and shear force were evaluated. The retrofitting techniques considered include shear walls and base isolation, while material enhancement was explored using rubberized concrete and graphene oxide. Experimental results indicated that rubberized concrete improves ductility and energy absorption, whereas graphene oxide enhances strength and durability. However, analytical results showed an increase in displacement and internal forces after retrofitting due to increased seismic mass. The study concludes that while retrofitting improves structural capacity, improper balance between stiffness and mass can lead to increased seismic demand. Optimized design strategies are essential for achieving effective earthquake-resistant structures.